Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) used to be called all heal in medieval times; the root of Valerian has some of the most powerful healing properties for treating stress and was used in World War I to treat shell-shocked war casualties. In the West, the herb Valerian has also been used to treat insomnia, migraine, rheumatism, dysmenorrhoea and intestinal colic; in China, it is used in the treatment of back ache, bruises, menstrual difficulties and colds.
The Herb Valerian
Common Valerian is also known as garden heliotrope and is a perennial herb growing up to five feet in height; it is a member of the Valerianaceae plant family. Valerian has pink, white or purple-white flowers and a hollow stem with dark leaves; the roots have a strong aroma and are short and thick. Valerian roots are commonly above ground.
Valerian is a native of Europe and some parts of Asia; it is now naturalized in North America. It grows both in partial sun and partial shade; Valerian attracts worms, so it is a beneficial herb in the garden. For medicinal use, the flowers should be cut back so that the roots absorb all the energy.
The Essential Oil Valerian
Valerian also produces an essential oil which is obtained by steam distillation of the rhizome roots; the essential oil is olive to brown in color and has a balsamic, musky aroma. There are over 150 species of the herb Valerian worldwide and essential oil varies depending upon which plant it was distilled from; for example, Eastern varieties are usually different to Western varieties.
Valerian in Aromatherapy
Valerian is used as an essential oil in aromatherapy primarily in conjunction with massage; it is used to treat disorders of the nervous system including migraine, insomnia, nervous indigestion, tension and restlessness. Its actions are diuretic, bactericidal, sedative, carminative, a depressant of the nervous system and hypnotic. Valerian was reputedly the 'blueprint' for modern day Valium.
Other Uses of Valerian
Valerian can also be used as a herbal tea and in pharmaceutical preparations. The essential oil of Valerian is used as a fragrance component in soaps and fragrances; it is also used as a flavor ingredient in liqueurs, tobacco, root beers and as an apple flavoring. An infusion of Valerian root is used for the bath.
Cautions for Using the Herb Valerian
Although Valerian is recommended for its very effective analgesic and tranquilizing effects, it is slightly narcotic; used excessively, it causes hallucinations, agitation and dizziness. It is not advised to use Valerian for more than two weeks at a time or at the same time as other sedatives and sleeping pills; those with liver problems should also avoid Valerian. It is recommended to exercise caution when using it as a herb; in use as an essential oil, it should also be used in moderation.
References:
Lawless, Julia 1995 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils UK: Thorsons
Lawless, Julia 2001 An Aromatherapy Garden UK: Kyle Cathie Limited
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